Neurons Morphology Records

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Record
  ID Neurons
  ID Methods Electrophysiology
  Feature name
  Feature value
  Reconstruction
  Citations
  Reference figures
  Reference text
  Comments
Methods Electrophysiology.ID Ref.
Neurons Morphology RecMethod.ID Neurons Ref.
Neurons.ID Ref.
-2088194568 -2088194568 -1143564358 Number of dendrites 3 - 7 "Three to seven primary basal dendrites emerge from the spherical to ovoid soma
that give rise to secondary, tertiary, and higher order basal dendrites of
various lengths. Most of the dendrites were restricted to a single
barrel."p.5306. 		Figs. 3B, 6 p.5306 - -1143564358   -2088194568
-1926191548 -1926191548 -1143564358 Axonal arborization (see below) "The axonal collaterals of spiny stellate cells project throughout all cortical
laminae from layer 1 to the white matter (Figs. 3A,4) and remain largely
confined to a single cortical column. The main axon emerges from the soma and
descends toward the white matter, giving rise to numerous collaterals. Most of
these collaterals branch off in layer 4 and ascend toward layer 2/3. In layers
5 and 6, a few long horizontal collaterals (length 500-800 µm) were observed
that may project to adjacent cortical. The densest axonal projection was found
in layers 4 and 2/3 where the axons show a high degree of collateralization.
In these layers most of the axonal collaterals were confined to a single
cortical column (Fig. 4). Their orientation is predominantly vertical in
layers 2/3 and 4, whereas in layers 5 and 6 they follow a slightly descending
horizontal course (Figs. 3A, 4)."p.5305 		Figs.3A,4 p.5305 - -1143564358 -1926191548 -1926191548
-1926191548 -1926191548 -1143564358 Bouton distribution (see below) - Table 2,3 - - -1143564358 -1926191548 -1926191548
-1631067137 -1631067137 -1143564358 Dendritic arbor Confined to barrel "Multiple biocytin labeling of individual neurons in combination with
cytochrome oxidase staining (n = 15 neurons) revealed that almost the entire
dendritic and axonal domain of excitatory spiny neurons in layer 4 was
confined to a single cortical column. This was found for all spiny layer 4
neurons in the barrel field (Fig. 2A,B)."p.5303. 		Fig.2A,B p.5303 - -1143564358 -1631067137 -1631067137
-1631067137 -1631067137 -1143564358 Dendritic field span 194.1 +- 39.2 - Table 1 - - -1143564358 -1631067137 -1631067137
-1631067137 -1631067137 -1143564358 Mean dendritic length 486.0 +- 92.1 µm - Table 1 - - -1143564358 -1631067137 -1631067137
-1631067137 -1631067137 -1143564358 Number of dendrites 3.9+-1.1 - Table 1 - - -1143564358 -1631067137 -1631067137
-1387839592 -1387839592 975923916 Cell identification - "The remaining seven cells were also pyramidal cells, with pyramid- shaped
somata and apical dendrites projecting to the superficial layers, and all
seven had RS firing characteristics. Figure 3, C and D, shows examples of a
superficial- and a depp-layer RS cell."p.1174. 		Fig.3C,D p.1174. Shown in Fig. 3C,D: Layer 2/3 and "deep-layer" pyramidal cell. 975923916 -1387839592 -1387839592
-1353090221 -1353090221 975923916 Cell identification - "An aspiny stellate cell was recovered from layers 2/3 (Fig. 3B). It had an
oval soma and multiple smooth dendrites consistent with its physiological
identity as an FS cell."p.1174. 		Fig.3B p.1174. - 975923916 -1353090221 -1353090221
-994431532 -994431532 -1143564358 Axonal arbor Confined to barrel "Multiple biocytin labeling of individual neurons in combination with
cytochrome oxidase staining (n = 15 neurons) revealed that almost the entire
dendritic and axonal domain of excitatory spiny neurons in layer 4 was
confined to a single cortical column. This was found for all spiny layer 4
neurons in the barrel field (Fig. 2A,B)."p.5303. 		Fig.2A,B p.5303 - -1143564358 -994431532 -994431532
-994431532 -994431532 -1143564358 Horizontal field span of axons in layer 2/3 403.6 +- 75.7 µm - Table 1 - - -1143564358 -994431532 -994431532
-994431532 -994431532 -1143564358 Horizontal field span of axons in layer 4 302.3 +- 146.5 µm - Table 1 - - -1143564358 -994431532 -994431532
-994431532 -994431532 -1143564358 Total axonal length 6404.4 +- 2426.6 µm - Table 1 - - -1143564358 -994431532 -994431532
-994431532 -994431532 -1143564358 Vertical field span of axon 996.4 +- 237.0 µm - Table 1 - - -1143564358 -994431532 -994431532
-866037043 -866037043 999521822 Cell identification - "Two of the 36 neurons in this study were bipolar; one of these is shown in
Fig. 1 D. Being non-pyramidal these were probably interneurons, but no further
classification was attempted."p.1598 		Fig. 1 p.1598 - 999521822   -866037043
-411692118 -411692118 -1143564358 Cell ratios ~80% spiny stellates, ~20% star pyramidal "From the sample of synaptically connected pairs of spiny neurons in layer 4 (n
= 131), ~ 80% were identified as spiny stellate neurons and the remainder as
star pyramidal neurons. However, often no clear distinction between the two
cell types was possible because of the variability in the morphology and
length of the apical dendrite."p.5304 		- p.5304 - -1143564358   -411692118
-51689092 -51689092 999521822 Apical dendrite length 53+-22 µm "The length of apical dendrite after isolation was 53+-22 µm (maximum 100
µm)."p.1598 		Fig. 1 p.1598 Viewed with Hoffman modulation optics. 999521822   -51689092
-51689092 -51689092 999521822 Cell identification - "Thirty-four of the neurons were judged likely to be pyramidal neurons by their
morphology (e.g.. Fig. 1, A-C). These cells had a single major process
emerging from one pole of the soma (presumed apical dendrite) and a number of
thinner ones from the opposite pole (presumed basal dendrites)."p.1507 		Fig. 1 pp.1597-1598 Cells viewed with Hoffmann modulation optics during recording. 999521822   -51689092
-51689092 -51689092 999521822 Soma diameter 14+-2.1 µm "The mean soma diameter of these neurons, measured normal to the axis of the
apical dendrite, was 14+-2.1 µm. This compares with the mean 7 µm diameter for
biocytin-filled pyramidal neurons in human neocortical slices (mostly from
temporal cortex, and cells from layers II/III and V/VI were the same size;
Foehring et al. 1991). The discrepancy might be explained by changes in the
shape of isolated neurons (e.g., flattening), plus shrinkage of the
biocytin-filled neurons during the histological processing."pp.1597-1598 		Fig. 1 pp.1597-1598 - 999521822   -51689092
35614620 35614620 -20718951 Cell identification - "Pyramidal type cells had one major apical dendrite that was easily identified,
since it was longer and often thicker than the other dendrites. It might have
several shorter secondary branches. These cells often had triangular-shaped
somata from which tufts of basilar dendrites projected."p.781-782. 		Fig.1A,C,D - - -20718951 35614620 35614620
35614620 35614620 -20718951 GAD antibody reactivity no reaction - - - GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase) is present in GABAergic cells. -20718951 35614620 35614620
216257617 216257617 988275445 GAD immunoreactivity none - Fig. 1 p.50 - 988275445 216257617 216257617
406866101 406866101 1000211302 Cell identification - "Recorded cells had the morphology of pyramidal neurons but had lost almost all
of their dendritic tree."p.2562 		- p.2562 - 1000211302   406866101
719750725 719750725 -1143564358 Dendritic arbor No relation to barrel "In contrast, layer 5 pyramidal neurons (n = 5) injected right below the
barrels showed a completely different morphology, and their apical dendrites
showed no obvious relationship to the barrels as defined with cytochrome
oxidase staining (Fig. 2C,D)."p.5303 		Fig.2C,D p.5303 - -1143564358 719750725 719750725
974995638 974995638 -1143564358 Clusters of neurons 5-15 "Combined bright-field and IR-DIC videomicroscopy at low and high
magnification, respectively, showed that the somata of neurons appeared to be
organized in clusters of 5-15 neurons (Fig. 1B,C), with a predominant location
at the edges of individual barrels."p.5303. 		Fig.1 p.5305 - -1143564358 974995638 974995638
974995638 974995638 -1143564358 Soma diameter 13.2+-1.2 µm - Table 1 p.5306 - -1143564358 974995638 974995638
974995638 974995638 -1143564358 Soma shape Spherical to ovoid - - p.5304 - -1143564358 974995638 974995638
975072493 975072493 -1143564358 Apical dendrite not prominent - - p.5304 Includes spiny stellate and star pyramidal cells. -1143564358   975072493
975336495 975336495 -1143564358 Dendritic Arborization (see below) "Spiny stellate cell dendrites in the barrel cortex have characteristic
assymmetric orientation (Figs.2B,3A,4,5), in contrast to spiny stellate cells
in layer 4 of the visual cortex that generally display a multipolar, almost
radially symmetric dendritic field (LeVay, 1973; Lund, 1984; Martin and
Whitteridge, 1984; 1988; but see Katz et al., 1989; Kossel et al., 1995).
Three to six thick primary dendrites emerged from the spherical to ovoid
somata that gave rise to several secondary, tertiary, and higher-order
dendrites. These dendrites formed an asymmetric dendritic field of various
size (Table 1) that was confined to a single barrel and always oriented
towards its center (Figs.2B, 3A,4). Higher-order dendrites were densely
covered with spines (Fig. 5). Spiny stellate cells that were synaptically
coupled to each other as described here resembled those designated as class I
spiny neurons in the barrel cortex by Woolsey and coworkers (Pasternak and
Woolsey, 1975; Simons and Woolsey, 1984)."p.5304. 		Figs.2B,3A,4,5 p.5304 - -1143564358 975336495 975336495
975427385 975427385 -1143564358 Axonal arborization (see below) "The axons of star pyramidal cells projected also into all cortical layers
(1-6) but spared the white matter (Figs. 3B,6). As shown for spiny stellate
cells, axonal collaterals were largely confined to a single cortical column.
The main axon emerges either directly from the soma or one of the primary
basal dendrites and descends toward the white matter. In some neurons the main
axon was seen to loop back toward layer 4 after reaching layer 6. The main
axon gives rise to numerous collaterals ascending vertically toward layer 1.
Only a few but long collaterals (up to 700 µm) were observed to descend to
layers 5 and 6 (Figs. 3B, 6). Again the most dense axonal projection was
established in layers 4 and 2/3, but the density of collaterals and the degree
in branching of the axonal collaterals were lower when compared with the
axonal arborization of spiny stellate cells (compare Figs. 4 and 6). In layer
4 axonal collaterals are largely confined to a single barrel, whereas in upper
layer 2/3 the fan out so that a few appear to project to adjacent cortical
columns (Figs. 3B, 6). In upper layer 2/3 axonal collaterals were often
organized in clusters, as described for pyramidal cells of cortical laminae
2/3 and 5 (Fig. 3B) (see also Gilbert and Wiesel, 1979)."p.5306. 		Figs. 3B,6 p.5306 - -1143564358 975427385 975427385
975427385 975427385 -1143564358 Bouton distribution (see below) - Table 2,3 - - -1143564358 975427385 975427385
975503155 975503155 -1143564358 Morphology (see below) "Somata and dendritic domains of star pyramidal neurons were also exclusively
located within layer 4, with the exception of the prominent apical dendrite.
Its distal part often ascends to layer 2/3, but without forming a terminal
tuft (Figs. 3B, 6).".p.5306.

"The thick apical dendrite emerges from the upper pole of the soma and ascends
through layer 4 , giving rise to several oblique apical dendrites (Figs.
3B,6)."p.5306. 		Figs.3B,6 p.5306 Presence of prominent apical dendrite in spite of opposite statement p.5304. -1143564358 975503155 975503155
988292479 988292479 988275445 GAD immonureactivity present - Fig. 1 p.52 - 988275445 988292479 988292479
996756505 996756505 996488643 IB morphological features - "The IB neurons had larger somata with gradually emerging apical
dendrites,...in the IB neurons, the basal dendrites had a rich, round shaped
distribution around the soma, whereas the apical dendrite had an extensive
proximal arborization restricted to layer V and a large distal arborization
extending to the supragranular layers. The axon branching had two prevalent
directions, one was tangentially oriented, and restricted to layer V, the
other spread vertically close to the main neuronal axis...The highly prevalent
location of the soma of IB neurons was restricted to layer Vb, from where most
of the recordings were obtained, whereas the RS neurons were diffusely
distributed in layer V."pp.131-132 		Fig. 3 pp.131-132 - 996488643 996756505 996756505
996756505 996756505 996488643 RS(AD) morphological features - "...whereas the RS adapting somata were usually smaller, with a thinner apical
dendrite emerging more abruptly from the soma...The extention of the basal
dendrites in the RS adapting neurons was relatively more symmetrical with
respect to the neuronal axis. The apical dendrite had only a few proximal
branches and restricted distal branching to the superficial layers. Unlike in
the IB neurons, the axon in the RS adapting neurons gave rise to collaterals
diverging from the neuronal axis and directed towards the more superficial
layers, particularly layer I...The highly prevalent location of the soma of IB
neurons was restricted to layer Vb, from where most of the recordings were
obtained, whereas the RS neurons were diffusely distributed in layer
V."pp.131-132. 		Fig.3 pp.131-132 - 996488643 996756505 996756505
996756505 996756505 996488643 RS(NAD) morphological features - "The subgroup of RS non-adapting neurons (5 morphologically reconstructed out
of 8 labelled cells) were morphologically closer to the IB than the RS
adapting neurons. The highly prevalent location of the soma of IB neurons was
restricted to layer Vb, from where most of the recordings were obtained,
whereas the RS neurons were diffusely distributed in layer V."p.132 		- p.132 - 996488643 996756505 996756505
999248438 999248438 999097811 Soma area IB=487+-114µm^2; RSna=413+-71µm^2; RSad=265+-56µm "The morphological characteristics of the RSna and the IB neurons were similar
in both adult and immature animals, both having a round distribution of basal
dendrites around the soma, as shown in Fig. 5 (A,B adult; D,E immature) and
extensive proximal arborization of the apical dendrite. In addition, there was
a very large extension of the distal arborization of the apical dendrite in
the supragranular layers. Conversely, arborization of the basal dendrites of
RSad neurons was simpler and extended almost "symmetrically" in relation to
the neuronal axis; moreover, their apical dendrites had only a few proximal
branching and restricted distal branching to the superficial layers (Fig. 5C,
adult; F, immature)."pp.1019-1020

"... the main axonal collateral extension in the IB neurons of adult animals
was oriented tangentially, giving rise to one or more branches spreading many
hundreds of µm inside layers V-VI, whereas shorter collaterals were found to
end near the soma, or spread vertically close to the main neuronal axis and
end withing layers III and II. The pattern of axonal collateralization in the
RSna neurons was similar to that of the IB neurons. On the contrary, the axon
of RSad neurons principally originated collaterals diverging from the neuronal
axis and directed toward the more superficial layers (particularly layer
I).p.1020 		Fig. 5, 6, 7. pp.1018-1020 Results from Scholl analysis in Fig. 6. 999097811 999248438 999248438
1000126375 1000126375 999704296 Site localization 550-940 µm distal to soma "Thick tufted pyramidal neurons in layer 5 were visualized using infrared
illumination (lamda(max), 780 nm) and differential interference contrast
optics (Zeiss water immersion lens; numerical aperture, 0.9) combined with
video microscopy."p.606

"Dual whole cell recordings from the distal apical trunk or a primary tuft
branch (550-940 µm distal to the soma) and the some of the same pyramidal
neuron (Fig.1 A) revealed that synaptic stimulation via an electrode located
in layer 1-2 has different effects on the dendritic and somatic membrane
potential depending on the intensity of the stimulation."p.606 		Fig. 1 p.606 - 999704296 1000126375 1000126375
1004375359 1004375359 1003935176 Cell identification - "Experiments were carried out on 52 cells, all of which had the morphology of
pyramidal neurons (see Fig. 1A) with a large dendrite protruding from one pole
of the soma (presumed apical dendrite) and several smaller, thinner dendrites
on the opposite pole (presumed basal dendrites). The apical dendrite was
seldom >100 µm in length (mean value 33.1 µm), and soma diameter rarely
exceeded 20 µm."p.1532 		Fig. 1 p.1532 - 1003935176 1004375359 1004375359
1961360858 1961360858 975923916 Cell identification - "Among these, one was a large layer 5 pyramidal cell with a thick, tufted
apical dendrite projecting nearly to the pia and proximal oblique branches
extending from the apical trunk (Fig. 3A). Physiologically this was classified
as an IB cell."p.1174 		Fig.3A p.1174 - 975923916 1961360858 1961360858
2026686061 2026686061 -20718951 Cell identification - "Nonpyramidal neurons (putative interneurons) often had a round soma and were
identified by the absence of any one major dendritic process and the presence
of bipolar or multipolar processes."p.782. 		Fig.1B - GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase) is present in GABAergic cells. -20718951 2026686061 2026686061
2026686061 2026686061 -20718951 GAD antibody reactivity Most neurons reactive - - - - -20718951 2026686061 2026686061